Sports And Aggressiveness Essays - Dispute Resolution,

Sports And Aggressiveness Game and forceful conduct, Do sports make forceful conduct, or just pull in individuals who are as of now forceful? Hostility and game have gone together insofar as sports have been near, be it the players themselves, to the guardians, mentors, or observers, they simply appear to be an indivisible piece of one another. The term brutality is characterized as physical ambush dependent on all out dismissal for the prosperity of self as well as other people, or the goal to harm another individual ( 2. Coakley). Terrorizing for the most part doesn't cause physical damage, yet frequently is intended to create mental results, empowering one individual to genuinely over power or overwhelm another. These announcements as characterized by the creator, Jay J. Coakley, is the thing that individuals today have made an unquestionable requirement part on sport. Delight and support sports completely can't be assembled with power and execution sports when corresponding to aggression.Pleasure sports are basically played for joy. Score is normally not kept. The competitors taking an interest are as a rule once in a while doing it for the sake of entertainment and exercise. A dominant part of competitors who have been playing sports since they were pretty much nothing, have most likely been beat into their heads that to be effective in sport, you should be forceful, and at a few times, pointless. Likewise that to get what you need, you need to go at it with all power. Not this isn't right but rather, this mentality in the present society has been a significant issue factor to the competitors when they get more seasoned, to get into issue with the law. Those drawn out impacts of supposed order, designs builds up these dangerous practices. (9. Montague) Although a few people are still in conviction that forceful practices in all structures, are grounded into impulses, however they likewise relate these activities to sports. Their folks played, who were known for their forceful conduct, so the youngster feels that they have to satisfy that hope.( 6. Storr) Athletes do need to be forceful to a point, with the goal that the group can frame a methodology to win. There is likewise a breaking point to animosity when it transforms into viciousness. Individuals may state that it's definitely not hostility or brutality, it's simply adrenaline siphoning. Adrenaline isn't even like brutality. Hostility, possibly, yet nothing that would be hurtful to any other person. This may be a factor to why physical games are so well known. For model, football, hockey, rugby, wrestling, and boxing. In spite of expectations of sense hypothesis, a few investigations show that physical games exist and flourish in similar social orders that have high paces of animosity and savagery. Sadly, another conviction is that physical games instruct discipline, sense of pride, and self-preservation. (8. May ) Contact sports are definitely not a positive way to show these things. Being genuinely extreme aides, however it likewise should be left on the field when the game is finished. This can likewise prompt the maltreatment of family, sweethearts, beaus, companions, and whatever other individual who gets in their way, since competitors utilize these games as an approach to get their hostility and rankles out. ( 10. Hauser, Powers, Noam ) Other's strength contend that it's ability, and not at all way vicious. In spite of the fact that we truly can't give a straight and to the point answer to the inquiry Is hostility an Sense? We can say that in man, as in different creatures, there exists a physiological system, when invigorated, it rises both abstract sentiments of outrage and to physical changes, which identify with battling. This is effortlessly set off, furthermore, as other passionate reactions, it is extremely generalized, and instinctual. Much the same as one individual resembles an exceptionally irate individual; they look like each other at the mental level. The manner by which people adjust to and control their sentiments of fury. ( 5. Toch) The systems where these body changes, the capacities that come about is still totally misjudged. ( 5. Toch) Examinations from creature's show that apparently there is a little zone from the base of the cerebrum where the sentiment of outrage begins. This, from which is sent to the apprehensive motivations that cause the pulse to rise. This zone is called the nerve center. Its capacity is to arrange reactions like outrage. ( 3 Precious stone) The connection between outrage, fury, and savagery, and psychopathology that is irregular, or unnatural in human conduct and experience. Individuals exhibit their annoyance responses in various manners. Like generally human conduct, savagery has an implying that it just appears silly or aimless to the degree that we can't get it. Most savagery

Biological Evolution and Genetic Variation

Organic Evolution and Genetic Variation Organic advancement is characterized as any hereditary change in a populace that is acquired more than a few ages. These progressions might be little or enormous, perceptible or not all that noticeable. In request for an occasion to be viewed as a case of advancement, changes need to happen on the hereditary degree of a populace and be given from one age to the next. This implies that the qualities, or all the more explicitly, the alleles in the populace change and are passed on. These progressions are seen in the phenotypes (communicated physical attributes that can be seen) of the populace. A change on the hereditary degree of a populace is characterized as a little scope change and is called microevolution. Biological development likewise incorporates the possibility that all of life is associated and can be followed back to one normal precursor. This is called macroevolution. What Evolution Is Not Natural development isn't characterized as essentially change over time. Many life forms experience changes after some time, for example, weight reduction or increase. These progressions are not viewed as examples of development since they are not hereditary changes that can be given to the people to come. Is Evolution a Theory? Advancement is a logical hypothesis that was proposed by Charles Darwin. A logical hypothesis gives clarifications and forecasts for normally happening marvels dependent on perceptions and experimentations. This kind of hypothesis endeavors to clarify how occasions found in the characteristic world work. The meaning of a logical hypothesis varies from the basic importance of hypothesis, which is characterized as a speculation or an assumption about a specific procedure. Conversely, a decent logical hypothesis must be testable, falsifiable, and validated by authentic proof. With regards to a logical hypothesis, there is no total evidence. Its increasingly an instance of affirming the sensibility of tolerating a hypothesis as a reasonable clarification for a specific occasion. What Is Natural Selection? Normal choice is the procedure by which organic developmental changes happen. Common determination follows up on populaces and not people. It depends on the accompanying ideas: People in a populace have various attributes which can be inherited.These people produce more youthful than the earth can support.The people in a populace that are most appropriate to their condition will leave more posterity, bringing about an adjustment in the hereditary cosmetics of a populace. The hereditary varieties that emerge in a populace occur by some coincidence, however the procedure of common determination doesn't. Characteristic determination is the aftereffect of the associations between hereditary varieties in a populace and the earth. The earth figures out which varieties are progressively good. People that have characteristics that are more qualified to their condition will make due to deliver more posterity than others. Progressively positive characteristics are in this way gave to the populace in general. Instances of hereditary variety in a populace incorporate the altered leaves of flesh eating plants, cheetahs with stripes, winds that fly, creatures that play dead, and creatures that take after leaves. How Does Genetic Variation Occur in a Population? Hereditary variety occursâ mainly through DNA transformation, quality stream (development of qualities starting with one populace then onto the next) and sexual generation. Because of the way that conditions are insecure, populaces that are hereditarily factor will have the option to adjust to changing circumstances better than those that don't contain hereditary varieties. Sexual proliferation takes into account hereditary varieties to happen through hereditary recombination. Recombination happens during meiosis and gives an approach to creating new mixes of alleles on a solitary chromosome. Autonomous arrangement during meiosis takes into account an inconclusive number of blends of qualities. Sexual proliferation makes it conceivable to amass ideal quality mixes in a populace or to expel negative quality mixes from a populace. Populaces with increasingly good hereditary blends will make due in their condition and recreate more posterity than those with less positive hereditary mixes. Organic Evolution Versus Creation The hypothesis of development has caused debate from the hour of its presentation until today. The debate originates from the observation that organic development is at chances with religion concerning the requirement for an awesome maker. Evolutionists fight that development doesn't address the issue of whether God exists, yet endeavors to clarify how regular procedures work. In doing as such, in any case, there is no getting away from the way that advancement negates certain parts of some strict convictions. For instance, the developmental record for the presence of life and the scriptural record of creation are very extraordinary. Advancement recommends that all life is associated and can be followed back to one basic progenitor. A strict translation of scriptural creation recommends that life was made by an almighty, powerful being (God). In any case, others have attempted to combine these two ideas by fighting that advancement doesn't reject the chance of the presence of God, yet simply clarifies the procedure by which God made life. This view, be that as it may, even now negates an exacting translation of creation as introduced in the good book. In paring down the issue, a significant bone of dispute between the two perspectives is the idea of macroevolution. Generally, evolutionists and creationists concur that microevolution does happen and is noticeable in nature. Macroevolution, notwithstanding, alludes to the procedure of development that happens fair and square of species, in which one animal groups advances from another species. This is as a distinct difference to the scriptural view that God was by and by engaged with the arrangement and formation of living beings. For the time being, the development/creation banter progresses forward and apparently the contrasts between these two perspectives are not prone to be settled at any point in the near future.

The Three Deaths in Hintons The Outsiders Essay -- The Outsiders

Colgate Palmolive Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Colgate Palmolive - Case Study Example Colgate Palmolive guideline exercises are assembling and showcasing a wide range of buyer items. The gathering works through two fragments and sells its items under two of the classes: This report is centered around the utilization of brands by the said association and how they effectively figure out how to market and sell their brands everywhere throughout the world. How the name of the brand is made How that brand name is held by the organization How the organization figures out how to satisfy its clients' desires What has the organization understood that its brands appreciate all the trust and certainty of clients on the planet Such sorts of inquiries are tended to in this report. A point by point investigation of the organization items is put forth and noteworthy attempts have additionally been made in seeing how the organization works and figures out how to deal with of its business around the world. After the point by point investigation of the organization's brands and their effect on the business sectors, a few ends have been made with respect to the examination. Entireprocessinvolved in making a one of a kind name andimagefor aproduct(good orservice) in theconsumers' brain, throughadvertising campaignswith aconsistenttheme. Brandingaimsto establisha noteworthy and separated nearness in themarketthat pulls in and holds faithful clients. As it tends to be seen from the meaning of the marking above th... After the definite investigation of the organization's brands and their effect on the business sectors, a few ends have been made with respect to the examination. Writing Review Entireprocessinvolved in making a remarkable name andimagefor aproduct(good orservice) in theconsumers' psyche, throughadvertising campaignswith aconsistenttheme. Brandingaimsto establisha huge and separated nearness in themarketthat draws in and holds steadfast clients. As it very well may be seen from the meaning of the marking over that it is a finished and entire procedure of making a novel name and picture for an item either merchandise or administrations. To whom that picture is focused by the merchant is an inquiry extraordinary noteworthiness and the appropriate response is potential client. How is that target accomplished is the utilization of various showcasing and promoting devices by the producer and dealer of the item. Thus what marking accomplishes is a huge and separated nearness in the market that assists with drawing in potential clients and afterward hold those clients. Marking is a solitary significant driver in the accomplishment of the item when a specific item has got all that it needs to satisfy the requirements of clients. With celebrated brands it becomes simpler and somewhat less expensive to enter the market and sell the new item with full expectation and certainty. Ongoing occasions have seen numerous organizations getting effective because of their image names and in any event, selling their items at higher rates than the paces of comparable items being sold in the market. Brand Identity Another primary component of this brand game is the brand personality, which causes its customers to remember it with its appearance regardless of the way that

Debt Collectors to Pay Consumer Watchdog $60 Million to Settle Claims - OppLoans

Debt Collectors to Pay Consumer Watchdog $60 Million to Settle Claims - OppLoans Debt Collectors to Pay Consumer Watchdog $60 Million to Settle Claims Debt Collectors to Pay Consumer Watchdog $60 Million to Settle ClaimsInside Subprime: September 11, 2019By Lindsay FrankelThe Consumer Financial Protection Bureau cracked down on two New York debt collectors in late July, charging the firms and their owners over $60 million in a settlement.The case dates back to 2016, when the watchdog alleged that a group of debt collectors led by Douglas MacKinnon and Mark Gray “harassed, threatened, and deceived” consumers. The CFPB accused the firms of regularly inflating the amount customers owed by $200, which sometimes resulted in increases of 600% compared to the original balance.The agency also accused the debt collectors of impersonating government officials and deceptively intimidating customers with the threat of legal action. The two owners neither confirmed nor denied the allegations.Since 2009, the firms “purchased millions of dollars’ worth of consumer debt, inflated those consumer debts, and relied on illegal tactics to extra ct as much money as possible from consumers for their debts,” the CFPB noted.The charges against the debt collectors include $40 million in restitution to customers and a $20 million penalty to regulators. The group is also banned from operating as part of a consent order filed jointly with the New York Attorney General’s office. But since the defendants don’t have the funds, they will be allowed to pay just $10,000 to affected customers and a $1 fine to the CFPB.Still, the settlement indicates that the CFPB is willing to take action against bad actors, even though the agency has been accused of going soft on consumer protection under the Trump administration. Enforcement actions have sharply declined when compared to the robust crackdowns initiated during the Obama era. And director Kathleen Kraninger said in an April speech that the agency was shifting its focus to financial education.But while the regulator has been more lenient on corporate crime since Trump took office, f ormer acting director Mick Mulvaney did state that debt collection would be a priority. The CFPB appears to be more focused on punishing deceitful debt collectors than overseeing other segments of the industry. The regulator has been criticized for siding with payday lenders since announcing in February that it would rescind key requirements of an Obama-era payday loan rule.The bureau noted that about 27 percent of consumer complaints received between 2011 and 2018 concerned debt collection issues. In May, the CFPB proposed new restrictions for debt collectors that would protect consumers from abusive communication practices.But many consumer advocates aren’t satisfied with the watchdog’s narrow focus. “We need the CFPB not only to take action against the most outlandish actors, but also to set strong and clear rules of the road for everybody,” said associate director Lauren Saunders of the National Consumer Law Center.Learn more about payday loans, scams, and cash advances by checking out our city and state financial guides, including Florida, Illinois, Chicago, Ohio, and more.Visit  OppLoans  on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

An Analysis On The Current Sugar Industry Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

In todays Globalization and competition, the performance of a firm not only depends upon the financial performance but also with other industry related factors such as Economies of scale, Product range, Growth rate of the Company, Difference in size etc. It is very necessary for the firm to compare it with peer competitors or benchmark with another firm in order to understand the performance and where it lacks and how to over come and be a market leader. As an Analyst for a firm, my role is to check: Review the Financial Statements, Ratios and compare to know the position of the firm. Examine the financial information for the past 3 years To prepare reports and send it to the Investors. Performing an Analysis on Competitors Preparing in Financial plan and Capital Budgeting decisions Conclusion on where does the firms stands right now in the industry The Industry which I have chosen is Sugar Industry is to study about it and provide valuable information to the investor. SUGAR INDUSTRY The Sugar industry is one of the primary industries as well as a booming sector in India and this industry prevails only with the availability of Sugar canes. This is the reason why many of the factories are situated only where Canes are grown. How ever sugar cane production is somewhat less in demand. The Government of India fixes the prices for the raw materials supplied to these Industries. The number of sugar mills in India has gradually increased over the years making India as one of the largest producer of Sugarcane. These Industries still follow the Dual-pricing scheme and compulsory levy to the public Distribution sector. Some of the Sugar Industries situated in India are Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Some of the Sugar Industries in India: Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd Shakthi Sugars Ltd Balrampur Chini mills Ltd Dhampur Sugar mills Ltd Bannari Amman Sugars Ltd Andhra Sugars Ltd Out of these players in the market, the firm which I am going to Analyze is SHREE RENUKA SUGARS LTD. SHREE RENUKA SUGARS LTD The Company was incorporated on 1998 by Narendra Murkumbi and Vidya Murkumbi. Its head quarters are located in Belgaum (Karnataka) and corporate office in Mumbai. The Company is the largest cane crushing manufacturers with 4000 tons per day refining capacity. Its main cane crushing operations are located at Karnataka and Maharashtra. The Company is also planning to expand it Sugar refining capacity in Karnataka. Among the 5 Peer Competitors, the benchmark company for Shree Renuka would be Balrampur Chini Mills ltd. REASON FOR CHOOSING THE FIRMS: According to the Financial Reports, Balrampur Chinis Market Cap is (Rs cr) 2213.82 and sales turn over of (Rs cr) 1704.58. The net profit as of now is 226.51(Rs Cr). The other companies stock shows a major dip in Market Cap, sales turn over. For Sakthi Sugars the Market Cap is just Rs 199.68 Cr and for Dhampur Sugars is Rs 340.42 Cr. Shree Renuka Sugars has an Sales Turn Over of Rs 2234.20(Rs Cr) and Market Cap of Rs 4464.22 Cr even though the net profit was low 143.50 Rs Cr compared to Balrampur Chini ltd. The Book value per share for Balrampur Chini for last year was 45.77 Rs and for Renuka Sugars ltd were 39.27. Total Cash bank balances for Balrampur Sugar ltd last year was Rs 32.97 cr and for Shree Renuka Sugars was Rs 7.06 cr. Other 4 companies performances do not exceed or come up with the 2 companies chosen, either due to bad sales performance or inadequate net profit. Balrampur Chini Mills Ltd The Company is one of the largest sugar production firms in India including various operations such as cogeneration of power and manufacturing of Organic manure. 9 Sugar factories are located in Uttar Pradesh and have an Aggregate crushing capacity of cane -73500 TCD. The Company has increased its capacity through well planned expansion and Acquisition of smaller companies in India. COMMON SIZE BALANCE SHEET: It is a statement on how all the items in balance sheet-Assets and Liabilities are converted into percentage of a common base figure. This helps the Investor, Analyst to analysis easily between companies or between time periods. It could be explained either in Vertically or Horizontal statements. COMMON SIZE INCOME STATEMENT Income statement refers to a financial statement usually prepared by Accountants to provide a summary of the revenues and expenses incurred by the business. It is sometimes called Profit and loss statement. It is one of the 3 major financial statements. The first is the Balance sheet and 2nd is Cash flow. It is very important for the investor to know income and expense of the firm. With the help of this statement, a firm is able to assess the net profit/ loss. Common size income statement is represented as a percentage of the value of the sales. This is mainly done to compare and analyze between 2 companies or different time intervals. COMMON SIZE BALANCE SHEET FOR SHREE RENUKA SUGARS LTD Balance Sheet Particulars Sep 07  Sep 08  Sep 09  (Rs in Crores) 12 mths % 12 mths % 12 mths % Sources Of Funds       Total Share Capital 24.81 2.52% 27.6 1.70% 31.69 1.24% Equity Share Capital 24.81 2.52% 27.6 1.70% 31.69 1.24% Share Application Money 6.26 0.64% 23.09 1.42% 20.59 0.80% Preference Share Capital 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Reserves 304.68 31.00% 589.26 36.21% 1211.92 47.27% Revaluation Reserves 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Networth 335.75 34.16% 639.95 39.33% 1264.2 49.31% Secured Loans 621.09 63.20% 827.58 50.86% 1257.99 49.07% Unsecured Loans 25.91 2.64% 159.76 9.82% 41.53 1.62% Total Debt 647 65.84% 987.34 60.67% 1299.52 50.69% Total Liabilities 982.75 100.00% 1627.29 100.00% 2563.72 100.00% Particulars Sep 07  Sep 08  Sep 09  (Rs in Crores) 12 mths % 12 mths % 12 mths % Application Of Funds       Gross Block 631.37 64.25% 778.87 47.86% 1406.62 54.87% Less: Accum. Depreciation 69.06 7.03% 87.72 5.39% 149.76 5.84% Net Block 562.31 57.22% 691.15 42.47% 1256.86 49.03% Capital Work in Progress 207.73 21.14% 513.95 31.58% 242.31 9.45% Investments 16.76 1.71% 150.57 9.25% 105.99 4.13% Inventories 100.17 10.19% 186.91 11.49% 1002.32 39.10% Sundry Debtors 38.69 3.94% 48.64 2.99% 104.27 4.07% Cash and Bank Balance 20.71 2.11% 7.47 0.46% 7.06 0.28% Total Current Assets 159.57 16.24% 243.02 14.93% 1113.65 43.44% Loans and Advances 186.23 18.95% 323.12 19.86% 753.86 29.41% Fixed Deposits 9.96 1.01% 5.92 0.36% 203.22 7.93% Total CA, Loans Advances 355.76 36.20% 572.06 35.15% 2070.73 80.77% Deffered Credit 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Current Liabilities 122.94 12.51% 248.95 15.30% 1013.44 39.53% Provisions 38.98 3.97% 53.09 3.26% 100.41 3.92% Total CL Provisions 161.92 16.48% 302.04 18.56% 1113.85 43.45% Net Current Assets 193.84 19.72% 270.02 16.59% 956.88 37.32% Miscellaneous Expenses 2.11 0.21% 1.61 0.10% 1.67 0.07% Total Assets 982.75 100.00% 1627.3 100.00% 2563.71 100.00% Table(1.1)-Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd BALRAMPUR CHINI MILLS LTD Particulars Sep 07  Sep 08  Sep 09  (Rs in crores) 12 mths % 12 mths % 12 mths % Sources Of Funds       Total Share Capital 24.82 1.15% 25.55 1.08% 25.68 1.20% Equity Share Capital 24.82 1.15% 25.55 1.08% 25.68 1.20% Share Application Money 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Preference Share Capital 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Reserves 839.17 39.03% 989.35 41.66% 1149.58 53.54% Revaluation Reserves 0.18 0.01% 0.18 0.01% 0 0.00% Networth 864.17 40.19% 1015.08 42.74% 1175.26 54.73% Secured Loans 1210.59 56.30% 1250.68 52.66% 972.03 45.27% Unsecured Loans 75.56 3.51% 109.2 4.60% 0 0.00% Total Debt 1286.15 59.81% 1359.88 57.26% 972.03 45.27% Total Liabilities 2150.32 100.00% 2374.96 100.00% 2147.29 100.00% Particulars Sep 07  Sep 08  Sep 09  (Rs in crores) 12 mths % 12 mths % 12 mths % Application Of Funds       Gross Block 1970.32 91.63% 2374.18 99.97% 1770.1 82.43% Less: Accum. Depreciation 382.52 17.79% 498.17 20.98% 0 0.00% Net Block 1587.8 73.84% 1876.01 78.99% 1770.1 82.43% Capital Work in Progress 370.93 17.25% 8.21 0.35% 6.66 0.31% Investments 3.43 0.16% 5.49 0.23% 126.57 5.89% Inventories 432.99 20.14% 556.39 23.43% 343.43 15.99% Sundry Debtors 46.18 2.15% 48.99 2.06% 17.1 0.80% Cash and Bank Balance 14.77 0.69% 33.76 1.42% 32.97 1.54% Total Current Assets 493.94 22.97% 639.14 26.91% 393.5 18.33% Loans and Advances 249.41 11.60% 334.29 14.08% 369.14 17.19% Fixed Deposits 1.67 0.08% 1.37 0.06% 0 0.00% Total CA, Loans Advances 745.02 34.65% 974.8 41.04% 762.64 35.52% Deffered Credit 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Current Liabilities 521.85 24.27% 444.99 18.74% 417.12 19.43% Provisions 38.21 1.78% 46.33 1.95% 102.1 4.75% Total CL Provisions 560.06 26.05% 491.32 20.69% 519.22 24.18% Net Current Assets 184.96 8.60% 483.48 20.36% 243.42 11.34% Miscellaneous Expenses 3.21 0.15% 1.78 0.07% 0.53 0.02% Total Assets 2150.33 100.00% 2374.97 100.00% 2147.28 100.00% Table (1.2)- Balrampur chini Mills Ltd COMMON SIZE INCOME STATEMNT Particulars Sep 07 Sep 08 Sep 09 Income  Sales Turnover 827.58 100.00% 1805.34 100.00% 2320.64 100.00% Excise Duty 29.53 3.57% 47.6 2.64% 86.43 3.72% Net Sales 798.05 96.43% 1757.74 97.36% 2234.21 96.28% Other Income 11.43 1.38% 0.14 0.01% 5.59 0.24% Stock Adjustments -49.58 -5.99% 61.08 3.38% 581.51 25.06% Total Income 759.9 91.82% 1818.96 100.75% 2821.31 121.57% Expenditure  Raw Materials 465.48 56.25% 1365.05 75.61% 2241.15 96.57% Power Fuel Cost 37.18 4.49% 17.3 0.96% 31.31 1.35% Employee Cost 25.37 3.07% 37.35 2.07% 51.44 2.22% Other Manufacturing Expenses 60.89 7.36% 54.74 3.03% 47.84 2.06% Selling and Admin Expenses 32.84 3.97% 91.28 5.06% 55.18 2.38% Miscellaneous Expenses 10.6 1.28% 19 1.05% 12.86 0.55% Preoperative Exp Capitalised 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Total Expenses 632.36 76.41% 1584.72 87.78% 2439.78 105.13% Particulars Sep 07 Sep 08 Sep 09 Operating Profit 116.11 14.03% 234.1 12.97% 375.94 16.20% PBDIT 127.54 15.41% 234.24 12.97% 381.53 16.44% Interest 24.64 2.98% 84.06 4.66% 101.44 4.37% PBDT 102.9 12.43% 150.18 8.32% 280.09 12.07% Depreciation 24.92 3.01% 36.48 2.02% 62.46 2.69% Other Written Off 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Profit Before Tax 77.98 9.42% 113.7 6.30% 217.63 9.38% Extra-ordinary items 0 0.00% 18.24 1.01% 0 0.00% PBT (Post Extra-ord Items) 77.98 9.42% 131.94 7.31% 217.63 9.38% Tax 23.56 2.85% 39.15 2.17% 74.14 3.19% Reported Net Profit 54.43 6.58% 92.79 5.14% 143.51 6.18% Total Value Addition 166.88 20.16% 219.67 12.17% 198.62 8.56% Preference Dividend 3.55 0.43% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Equity Dividend 4.96 0.60% 5.96 0.33% 31.69 1.37% Corporate Dividend Tax 1.45 0.18% 1.01 0.06% 5.39 0.23% Per share data (annualised)       Shares in issue (lakhs) 248.1 29.98% 2759.63 152.86% 3169 136.56% Earning Per Share (Rs) 20.51 2.48% 3.36 0.19% 4.53 0.20% Equity Dividend (%) 20 2.42% 20 1.11% 100 4.31% Book Value (Rs) 132.81 16.05% 22.35 1.24% 39.24 1.69% Table (2.1)- Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd Particulars Sep 07 Sep 08 Sep 09 (Rs in Crores) Income       Sales Turnover 1476.32 100.00% 1553.66 100.00% 1771.02 100.00% Excise Duty 100.39 6.80% 96.84 6.23% 90.87 5.13% Net Sales 1375.93 93.20% 1456.82 93.77% 1680.15 94.87% Other Income 17.81 1.21% 17.26 1.11% 6.23 0.35% Stock Adjustments 229.39 15.54% 131.54 8.47% -283.17 -15.99% Total Income 1623.13 109.94% 1605.62 103.34% 1403.21 79.23% Expenditure  Raw Materials 1354.88 91.77% 1079.67 69.49% 763.38 43.10% Power Fuel Cost 4.02 0.27% 5.13 0.33% 0 0.00% Employee Cost 78.88 5.34% 87.29 5.62% 95.5 5.39% Other Manufacturing Expenses 28.34 1.92% 34.36 2.21% 80.02 4.52% Selling and Admin Expenses 24.39 1.65% 29.6 1.91% 0.06 0.00% Miscellaneous Expenses 23.39 1.58% 28.45 1.83% 9.83 0.56% Preoperative Exp Capitalised 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Total Expenses 1513.9 102.55% 1264.5 81.39% 948.79 53.57% Particulars Sep 07 Sep 08 Sep 09 (Rs in crores) Operating Profit 91.42 6.19% 323.86 20.84% 448.19 25.31% PBDIT 109.23 7.40% 341.12 21.96% 454.42 25.66% Interest 63.09 4.27% 100.96 6.50% 96.85 5.47% PBDT 46.14 3.13% 240.16 15.46% 357.57 20.19% Depreciation 80.22 5.43% 117.21 7.54% 107.94 6.09% Other Written Off 1.43 0.10% 1.43 0.09% 0 0.00% Profit Before Tax -35.51 -2.41% 121.52 7.82% 249.63 14.10% Extra-ordinary items 0.38 0.03% 1.12 0.07% 13.91 0.79% PBT (Post Extra-ord Items) -35.13 -2.38% 122.64 7.89% 263.54 14.88% Tax 6.48 0.44% 25.61 1.65% 37.01 2.09% Reported Net Profit -41.84 -2.83% 97.03 6.25% 226.51 12.79% Total Value Addition 159.04 10.77% 184.84 11.90% 185.42 10.47% Preference Dividend 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Equity Dividend 0 0.00% 12.78 0.82% 77.03 4.35% Corporate Dividend Tax 0 0.00% 2.17 0.14% 13.09 0.74% Per share data (annualised)       Shares in issue (lakhs) 2481.55 168.09% 2555.36 164.47% 2567.55 144.98% Earning Per Share (Rs) -1.69 -0.11% 3.8 0.24% 8.82 0.50% Equity Dividend (%) 0 0.00% 50 3.22% 300 16.94% Book Value (Rs) 34.82 2.36% 39.72 2.56% 45.77 2.58% Table (2.2)- Balram pur chini Mills Ltd FINANCIAL RATIOS: In order to know the financial health of the firm, it is very important for an Analyst to review by comparing with other firms performance. Here comes the importance of Financial Ratios .It is a ratio used to compare one figure appearing in the financial statements with other figure appearing in the same set of financial statements. TYPES OF ACCOUNTING RATIOS Below are some of the ratios calculated for Shree Renuka Sugars ltd ascertaining the position of the firm. PROFITABILITY RATIOS This ratio enables the firm to measure the success of the firm at generating profits Gross Profit Ratio It refers to the gross profit received from sales. It is explained below Gross Profit Ratio= Gross Profit/ sales * 100 2007 2008 2009 116.2/732.4*100 218/1815.2*100 368.5/2234.2*100 15.8% 12.1% 16.5% Net profit Ratio It is used to determine the overall profits of the firm. The net profit is got after deducting Profit after tax. The Formula is: Net profit Ratio= Net Profit / Sales * 100 2007 2008 2009 54.4/732.4*100 92.7/1815.2*100 143.5*2234.2*100 7.42% 5.10% 6.42% Operating Profit Ratio It refers to profit earned by the company over a period of time from its business operations. It explains about the earning capacity of the firm. The formula is Operating Profit Ratio = Operating profit / Net sales * 100 2007 2008 2009 104.7/732.4*100 218.3/1815.2*100 362.9/2234.2*100 14.29% 12.02% 16.24% LIQUIDITY RATIOS It explains about the companys ability to meet its short term commitments. 2 most commonly used liquid ratios are Current Ratio and Quick Ratio. Those 2 are explained below. Current Ratio This ratio is refers to Current assets to Current Liabilities. The Ideal Current ratio should be 2: 1. Mostly creditors prefer high current ratio since it minimizes the risk and Shareholders prefer a higher one so that the assets are necessary for the stabilization of the business. It is also known as Working Capital Ratio. Formula is: Current ratio = Current Assets/ Current Liabilities 2007 2008 2009 159.57/122.94 243.02/248.95 1113.65/1013.44 1.29 Times 0.97 Times 1.09 Times Quick Ratio Those current assets which could be easily be converted into cash is Quick Assets. It refers to liquidity position of the firm. Current assets include Cash at bank, Bills receivable etc. It is also known as Acid Test Ratio. The Ideal Quick ratio is 1:1. The Formula is : Quick Ratio= Quick Assets (Current Assets Closing Stock)/Current liabilities 2007 2008 2009 355.76-100.17/122.94 572.06-186.91/248.95 2070.73-1002.32/1013.44 2.07 1.54 1.05 EFFICIENCY RATIOS These ratios are calculated to receivables turnover, repayment to creditors, use of equity and use of inventory and machinery. It also explains the value of companys assets. Sales / Fixed Asset Ratios This ratio measures the companys ability to generate net sales from fixed assets such as Land, plant and machinery etc. The Formula is Fixed Asset Ratio = Net sales/ Fixed Assets 2007 2008 2009 798.05/562.31 1757.74/691.15 2234.21/1256.86 1.41 2.54 1.77 SOLVENCY RATIOS Ratios which are used to whether the company is able to meet the long term obligations and all. It provides an over all picture of the companys debt obligations. Some of the solvency ratios are : Return on Capital employed(ROCE) The ratio is mainly used by the shareholder to know how much profit they have earned after investing in a particular company. This ratio shows the effectiveness on how much capital is being used to generate revenue. Formula is ROCE = Net Profit before Interest Tax/ Capital employed * 100 2007 2008 2009 102.62/671.81*100 197.76/1014.94*100 319.07/1331.21*100 15.27% 19.48% 23.9% Return on Total Assets Employed(ROTA) It gives an explanation of the managements efficiency on using its assets to generate earnings. ROA briefs you about how much earnings were generated. The assets comprises of both debt and equity. Formula is ROTA: Net profit before tax/ Total Assets *100 2007 2008 2009 77.98/982.75*100 113.7/1627.3*100 217.63/2563.71*100 7.93% 6.98% 8.48% Debt Equity Ratio A financial Ratio used to calculate the financial leverage as well as researching the Capital Structure of the company. A high ratio indicates bad performance and vice versa. Formula is: Debt Equity Ratio: Equity Share Capital/ Long term debts *100 2007 2008 2009 24.81/647*100 27.6/987.34*100 31.69/1299.52*100 3.83% 2.79% 2.43% RATIO ANLAYSIS OF BALRAMPUR CHINI MILLS LTD Below are the ratios calculated for Balrampur Chini Ltd Gross Profit Ratio 2007 2008 2009 99.28/1391.7*100 329.5/1475.6*100 454.4/1704.6*100 7.13% 22.32% 26.6% Net Profit Ratio 2007 2008 2009 -41.84/1391.7*100 97.03/1475.6*100 226.51/1704.6*100 -3.00% 6.57% 13.2% Operating Profit Ratio 2007 2008 2009 89.07/1391.7*100 327.39/1475.6*100 452.71/1704.6*100 6.39% 22.18% 26.55% Current Ratio 2007 2008 2009 745.02/521.85 974.8/444.99 762.64/417.12 1.4 2.19 1.8 Quick Ratio 2007 2008 2009 745.02-432.99/521.85 974.8-556.39/444.99 762.64-343.43/417.12 0.59 0.94 1 Fixed Asset Ratio 2007 2008 2009 1375.93/1587.8 1456.82/1876.01 1680.15/1770.1 0.86 0.77 0.94 Return on Capital Employed 2007 2008 2009 29.01/2150.32*100 223.91/2374.96*100 346.48/2147.29*100 1.3% 9.4% 16.1 Return on Total Assets Employed 2007 2008 2009 -35.51/2150.33*100 121.52/2374.97*100 249.63/2147.28*100 -1.65% 5.11% 11.6% Debt Equity Ratio 2007 2008 2009 24.82/1286.15*100 25.55/1359.88*100 25.68/972.03*100 1.93% 1.87% 2.64% Analysis and Interpretation Study: CONCLUSION After calculating each companys ratios we have studied each companys strength and weakness. For Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd, The Profitability of the Firm has decreased in the year 2009 which means that the Rate of Sales was increased over the period of time. There was an increase in gross profit from 12.1 % to 16.5 %. The Operating Expenses has been reduced indicating that the company has improved its Sales despite decrease in Net profit The Liquidity position of the firm was satisfactory 2009 where the Current ratio has increased from 0.97 to 1.09. But in 2007, it was 1.29 which means that the working capital was adequate enough to meet the short term obligations. For Quick ratio, it was better in 2007 but reduced to 1.05. Hence the company performance was all right and it has met the shareholders requirements. The Efficiency of the firm was also not so good despite a decrease in Fixed Asset ratio from 2.54% to 1.77%.This means that the Company has invested more funds in Fixed Assets in 2009 which means more Cane crushing equipment was installed in the plant. The ROI has increased from 15.27% to 23.9% in due to substantial increase in Profit Before Tax and similarly ROTA has also increased from 7.93% to 8.48%. The Debt Equity Ratio is not good in 2009 since it has not cleared all it debts. Overall the Solvency of the firm was not good. For Balrampur Chini Mills Ltd, The Gross profit and the Net profit of Balrampur Mills has increased considerably in the year 2009 from 7.13% to 26.6% and -3% to 13.2%. This indicates that the Sales has increased along with Gross Profit. Similarly the Operating profit has also jumped to 26.55% in 2009. This indicates that the Profitability position of the firm is very good. The Liquidity of the firm is satisfactory where the Current ratio was 1.8 times which means that the firm has more Working capital and was able to meet the requirements. The Quick Ratio was perfect in 2009 as there is a balance in both C urrent Assets and Current Liabilities. Over all, the short term liquidity position of the firm was satisfactory. The Fixed Asset Ratio was low compared to Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd showing that the company has not invested in any cost such as Purchase of machinery, Land etc. The ROI has increased adequately in 2009 at 16.1% which is a good sign for the shareholders and other investors. Even though the Return on Total Assets employed was bit low at -1.65 % in 2007 it has considerably increased in 2009 at 11.6%.The Debt Equity ratio is little bit higher than the previous company showing that the debts has not yet be cleared. As an Analyst over all, the firm Shree Renuka is better than Balrampur Chini Mills Ltd because of the liquidity position, ROI has also improved providing the shareholders the right place to invest. There was also an increase in sales over the last year 3 years improving the sales margin even though there was a fall in Net Profit due to recession in the las t year 2009. TREND ANALYSIS The trend analysis is a method to know the changes in the financial position and Operational efficiency between the time period chosen. It gives the information of the companys past performance and an idea on what will happen in the future. The Trend Analysis for Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd is explained below. During the year 2009, the Share holder fund has increased by Rs 31.69 Cr i.e. 1.4% and the Fixed Assets have also increased in by Rs 1256.86 Cr i. e 49.03% which indicates that the policy of the firm is to finance its fixed assets through long term sources, thereby not affecting the working capital. The Reserves has increased by Rs 1211.92 Cr i.e. 47.27% in 2009 over the last 3 years which means that the firm has utilized reserves which means the firm is good in profitability position. The long term debt has increased in 2009 by Rs 1299.52 Cr which means that the company is dependent on outside funds. The Current Assets is more than Current liabilities over the 3 y ears which shows that Company has adequate working capital The Cash has decreased in 2009 by Rs 7.06 cr i.e. 0.28% which shows that the liquidity position is in adequate. The Inventories has increased in 2009 by Rs 1002.32 Cr i.e. 39.10% which means that the Company is not able to make good Sales Overall, Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd is having a good financial position over the years but the liquidity position is not sound. Balrampur Sugars Ltd, The Shareholders fund in 2009 has increased by Rs 25.68 cr from Rs 24.82 cr which means that the capital has increased and the Fixed Assets has also increased to Rs 1770.1 which shows the company has invested in more in Fixed Assets thereby financing through long term finance. The Reserves has also increased considerably in 2009 by Rs 1149.56 Cr I.e. 53.54% to 39.03% which means that the company has retained its profits for future purpose resulting in good profitability position. The Inventories has decreased in 2009 by Rs 34 3.43 Cr i.e. 15.99% which shows the firm has god inventory management. The Cash balances has increased by Rs 32.97 Cr in 2009 which means the liquidity position is good The Current Assets in 2009 was Rs 762.64 Cr even though it was Rs 974.8 Cr which means the firm has used for working capital purpose. Overall, the position of the firm is stable even though they are not having any problems in working capital and the liquidity position is better than Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd. FUTURE ANALYSIS As an Analyst, the Sugar industry in India has been improving over the past few years. The Cane Crushing Operational efficiency is likely to increase in it costs and the company has to take the measures to reduce the Overhead costs, exercise control over man power etc. The domestic sugar industry has been going through different cycles. However the exports has enabled in increasing in demand in International Market. For Shree Renuka Sugars ltd, the Reserves are likely to improve in the future. Bagasse, a by product is used for energy purpose, paper production etc The Fixed Deposits are likely to increase in the next year which means that Bank Balances will improve The Liquidity position is likely to be stable for the next few year. Balram pur Mills Ltd is likely to improve based on liquidity position and necessary steps are done to improve the Working Capital Ratio. The Cash balances needs to be improved to meet the short term obligations. The Current Ratio should be improved an d maintain the ideal ratio 2 :1. As per my understanding, it is found out that the Sugar industry is a profitable industry and the benchmark firm Balrampur Chini Mills Ltd is doing better than Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd due to better Gross profit, net profit and Liquidity of the firm.

Alexander the Great Was a Great Leader - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 512 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/22 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Alexander The Great Essay Did you like this example? Alexander the Great is considered a legend by a majority of the people who knew who he was; he concurred so much land, ruled a vast kingdom, and he impacted history at such a young age. Although he was this great leader or legend, some people didnt agree, he was a psychotic maniac, who had a big ego. He was conceded and had no concern for others. He also didnt build much, was more of just a conqueror. Alexander was the King of the traditional Greek kingdom of Macedon. He is also known for having one of the greatest military minds in Greek history. He was only 20 years old when he launched an invasion on the Persian Empire. Alexander the Great the King of the Greek region Macedonia conquered so much land at such a young age. He conquered Persia, Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Bactria, and Punjab. He also founded a city in Egypt called Alexandria. At 20 year young, he launched an invasion on the Persian Empire. Altogether he conquered over two million square miles. He also named cities after he called Tyre. At 13, Alexanders dad Philip hired Greek philosopher Aristotle to be Alexanders personal tutor, you can thank Aristotle and Philip for Alexs education and success. Alexander the Great ruled a vast kingdom called Macedonia. Alexander spent his childhood looking at his father reworking Macedonia into a good military power, winning victory after victory on the battlefields throughout the Balkans. In 340 BCE, after Philip assembled a large Macedonian army and invaded Thrace, he left his 16-year-old some, Alexander, to rule Macedonia. This shows how accomplished Alexander was at such a young age, imagine having to rule a region at 16! A few years later Philip gave Alexander a commanding post among the generals as Macedonia invaded Greece. At the Battle of Chaeronea, the Greeks were defeated, and this is where Alex really got to show his bravery to everyone. Ancient Historians believe his bravery is what won them the battle. Alexander was born within th e ancient capital of Macedonia, Pella. His parents were Philip II of Macedon and Olympias, Philip II was the ruler of Macedonia before Alexander so Alex had a background growing up in a family of rulers. In 336 BCE, Philip was assassinated so this was Alexanders time to shine. That same year in 336 BCE, against all odds he and his army were led to victories in the Persian territories of Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor. They didnt lose one battle in the invasion. The next 8 years were tons of moving, Alexander as a king, commander, explorer etc. led his army 11,000 more miles and founding 70 more cities. Alexander the Great will always be known to have one of the greatest military minds ever, he was acknowledged as a military genius. Though his beliefs thinking he was indestructible, who was reckless about his own life and his soldiers. He did all of this at such a young age, he died in June of 323 BCE of a fever. As Alexander the Great one said There is nothing impossible to him who will try. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alexander the Great Was a Great Leader" essay for you Create order